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发力三大领域 地方两会聚焦促消费******

　　支持大宗消费，提振服务消费，打造消费增长极……在近期召开的地方两会上，促消费被频频提及。

　　专家表示，消费是稳定经济发展的“压舱石”。当前各地把恢复和扩大消费摆在优先位置，有助于更好释放消费潜力。同时，有利于提振市场信心，发挥消费对经济增长的基础性作用。

　　鼓励大宗商品消费

　　支持新能源汽车、绿色智能家电等大宗消费成为不少地方促消费的重点之一。

　　广东提出，支持住房改善、新能源汽车、绿色智能家电等大宗消费。河南提出，鼓励新能源汽车等大宗商品消费。陕西提出，扩大新能源汽车和绿色智能家电消费。辽宁提出，培育新能源汽车、绿色智能家电、智能穿戴等消费新增长点。

　　“在整个消费结构中，汽车、家电等大宗消费具有消费占比高、产业链长、带动力强的特点，稳定增加汽车、家电等大宗消费对提振消费至关重要。”国务院发展研究中心市场经济研究所研究室副主任、研究员漆云兰表示。

　　为支持大宗消费，多地推出配套措施。天津提出，落实搞活汽车流通、扩大汽车消费14项措施。河南日前发布的《大力提振市场信心促进经济稳定向好政策措施》提出，对在省内新购汽车按购车价格的5%给予消费者补贴，最高不超过10000元/台，省、市级财政各补贴一半；鼓励各地对智能电子产品和家用电器产品消费进行补贴或开展以旧换新促销活动，将省财政对各地实际财政补贴支出按不超过30%给予奖补政策延续至2023年3月底。

　　中国电子信息产业发展研究院消费品工业研究所副研究员陈娟认为，地方政府和企业可积极开展“新能源汽车下乡”、绿色智能“家电下乡”和“以旧换新”活动，加大优惠促销力度，促进大宗产品更新与新增需求的释放。

　　促进服务消费模式创新

　　提振文化旅游、家政服务等服务消费成为一些地方促消费的发力方向。

　　辽宁提出，支持养老服务、教育医疗文化体育服务等消费。广东明确，加大餐饮、文旅、养老、育幼等服务消费促进力度。陕西提出，积极培育运动、康养、托育、家政等消费新热点。山东提出，提质发展餐饮、家政、养老等服务消费。湖北提出，加快提振住宿餐饮、批发零售、文旅体育等消费。

　　“我国服务消费转型升级的新趋势，推动服务市场焕发新的生机与活力，促进服务消费的模式创新与供给的迭代升级成为扩大内需的重要动力。”中国国际经济交流中心副理事长王一鸣表示。

　　国家发改委国民经济综合司司长袁达1月18日表示，推动生活服务消费有序恢复。多渠道增加城乡居民收入，(下转A03版)

中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）