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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

景区上线“先游后付”系统 “信用游”创新文旅消费******

　　“信用游”创新文旅消费

　　拓兆兵

　　近日，安徽黄山等景区先后上线“先游后付”系统，游客可以0元预订景区门票、索道票，先游后付、不用不付，预订后刷身份证就可以进景区。此举受到了游客欢迎，被称之为“信用游”。

　　2021年9月，文化和旅游部发布《关于开展文化和旅游市场信用经济发展试点工作的通知》，鼓励和支持文旅企业探索推出以信用为基础的产品和服务，向信用状况良好的消费者提供“先用后付”“先游后付”以及减免押金等便捷消费服务，形成促进信用消费的相关政策。从相关风景区试点情况看，“信用游”值得大力提倡。

　　此举有利于构建快捷便利的旅游方式。在现代社会，人们生活节奏加快，旅游时也都希望能够“快旅慢游”，即旅游手续简便，将时间主要用在深度旅游体验上。景区上线“先游后付”系统，依托大数据和云计算在开放的互联网平台上形成功能化金融业态为其服务体系数字赋能，游客只需点点手机即可完成购票、订酒店等，而且行程的安排更加灵活，能实现一场说走就走的旅行。如果修改或者取消行程，省掉了付款、退款等环节，退房的时间也大为缩短，游客游得轻松舒心。

　　此举有利于带动“全域旅游”大文旅产业发展。先旅游、后付款是旅游业的一种创新，试图破解目前游客、旅行社、目的地间的信任危机，使游客有了更多主动权，从而倒逼景区和商家提高服务质量和效率。通过旅游联盟等平台，“信用游”通过“信用赋能”可有机统筹整合文、旅、商等服务体系，并统筹整合某个地区甚至一个省的旅游资源，有利于形成“全域旅游”模式。据了解，目前“大黄山”区域安庆市、池州市、宣城市和黄山市的景区、酒店、文创商品等商家已签约入驻“黄山旅游官方平台”。

　　此举有利于信用社会建设。“人无信不立”，信用是无价之宝，建设信用社会是建设现代化强国的重要一环。因而，众多行业都在大力推行信用建设。这其中，文旅业涉及千家万户，面广人多，是便于培养公民信用意识的最佳行业之一。通过发展“信用游”，不但有利于推动旅游市场信用体系建设，也易于营造“诚实守信，一路畅通；一处失信，处处受限”的良好社会氛围。

　　当前，文旅业正在发生深刻变化。因此，各地要聚焦满足人民群众文化生活新期待，加快推进文旅体制改革探索，加大数字赋能、信用赋能力度，推进理念融合、产业融合、服务融合，进一步创新文旅消费模式，培育新型业态，促进文化旅游消费提质升级。

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）